One, the symptoms of diabetes:
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In the early stages of onset, most patients have no particular symptoms of diabetes. Only a few unnoticed uncomfortable feelings can not be discovered without deliberate examination. The following ten symptoms of diabetes will be cited. If you, your family or your friends have any of the following symptoms of ten signs, that is a sign of danger and should be examined by a physician as soon as possible.
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First, the frequency of urine and thirst: Due to the rise of blood sugar, and the body can not take full advantage of, so the kidneys are too much sugar can not be used to discharge to the urine, and also a lot of water from the body discharge, frequency Excretion of urine and urine abnormalities; due to a large number of body fluids discharged so it is necessary to add water, resulting in a strong sense of thirst.
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Second, hunger: unable to make full use of the blood sugar, the body cells can not get energy, resulting in patients like to eat a lot of desserts or snacks.
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Third, the weight changes: middle-aged people unknowingly suffer from diabetes, may become increasingly obese However, severe diabetes, weight will be reduced immediately, especially young people tend to have this tendency. This is because glucose in the blood can not make full use of, but excessive intake of fat stored in the body to supplement the heat, so the body will quickly lose weight.
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Fourth, easy to fatigue: people with diabetes fatigue, acne, work can not be as strong spirit of the past. This kind of burnout is sometimes the whole body, sometimes only the lower body. For example, when climbing the stairs slightly, you feel sore legs, tiredness, or feeling sluggish after meals.
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Fifth, vision loss: Some people often because of blurred vision, eye fatigue, the ophthalmologist examination, only to find suffering from diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy in elderly patients more; and young people are more susceptible to cataract, so be careful.
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Sixth, neurological symptoms: diabetic patients with intractable numbness and pain easily numbness. Neuritis caused by diabetes and foot pain are more, sometimes intense pain. Others have calf cramps at night.
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Seven, itchy skin: Diabetic skin resistance also weakened, easily lead to infection when wounds, scabies, inflammation is easy to expand. In particular, female patients sometimes have genital itching.
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Eight, the wound is not easy to heal
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Nine, abnormal menstruation in women: Women with diabetes, irregular menstruation, or menstrual confinement. This is due to the lack of insulin hormones caused by the loss of balance of sex hormones.
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Ten, male impotence symptoms: erectile nerve and urination are controlled by the nerve center in the sacral. Diabetes due to the body's sugar or vitamin metabolism, there will be induced impotence. Therefore, without proper medical knowledge and arbitrary purchase of tonic, folk medicine, the treatment of impotence are ineffective.
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When you find that most of the above ten symptoms have been revealed, it means that your body has some degree of diabetes mellitus. You should get medical examination and treatment as soon as possible.
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Second, the test and type of diabetes:
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First, the test of diabetes
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Diabetes test, but also have a urine test and blood sugar test:
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(A) urine sugar check:
To know whether or not suffering from diabetes, mainly to check whether the urine sugar content. However, the sugar content of urine in the empty complex symptoms will appear abnormal, but the temporary phenomenon of diabetes is called hunger and diabetes. Therefore, the urine contains sugar and can not immediately concluded that suffering from diabetes. In addition, healthy people, such as excessive intake of sugar, will also show temporary diabetes. In addition, renal tubular dysphonia can sometimes produce diabetes. Therefore, to be diagnosed in order to determine whether suffering from diabetes.
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(Two) blood sugar check:
In fact, it must be called diabetes mellitus when the blood sugar level is higher than normal. Therefore, patients with diabetes should understand the blood sugar (glucose) concentration. Because of their blood sugar levels of diabetes than the average person, according to the blood sugar level to know the severity of symptoms. Examination of urine sugar can be carried out in the family, and a variety of tests on blood glucose, must go to a specialized hospital and physicians to discuss Caixing.
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Second, the type of diabetes
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(A) the classification of the World Health Organization (WHO)
People with diabetes are roughly the same in symptoms. However, there are differences in the type of disease. For example, prone to occur in middle-aged obese people and young people in the type of disease, the two are not the same. This was known 100 years ago. Subsequently, due to various experiments, accurate examinations, theoretical developments, accumulation of experience, etc., the diabetic experts at the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1980 suggested that various types of diabetes be classified into three categories, as follows :
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1, insulin-dependent diabetes
Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
= Type I diabetes
2, non-insulin-dependent diabetes
Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)
= Type II diabetes
3, other diabetes
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(B) insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
IDDM is characterized by a rapid onset of symptoms and ketosis. In order to prevent the occurrence of Ketosis and to sustain life, insulin has to be injected. This type of illness occurs mostly in young people, but it can also occur in people of all ages. Familial morbidity is lower than NIDDM. The so-called unstable diabetics so far. In Europe and the United States, there are more people in this type of disease than in our country.
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(C) non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)
In Taiwan and Japan, there are more people with this type of diabetes. Sickness occurs more gently. Although this type of disease occurs in young people, people over the age of 40 are predominant. Occurrence, there is little ketosis (Ketosis) phenomenon. In the treatment, it does not necessarily need insulin.
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(D) other diabetes
This refers to the diabetes caused by other specific diseases. Diabetes caused by the drug also fall into this category. This type of diabetes is certainly not IDDM nor IDDM. Now the disease name listed below.
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1, pancreatic disorders: congenital islet damage, cystic fibrosis.
2, endocrine disorders: brown cyst, Aldosteron disease, terminal macular disease, hyperthyroidism, Cushing syndrome, Prolactin secretion of the tumor, Glucagonoma and so on.
3, caused by drugs: Thiazide Department diuretics, Steroid hormone, thyroid hormone, Phenothiazin Department of Pharmacy, Catecolamin and so on.
4, insulin receptor abnormalities: atrophic lipase, insulin receptor antibodies.
5, genetic disorders: glycogen disease, lipoatrophic diabetes, growth hormone alone deficiencies, Friedreich disorders, Haemochromatosis and so on.
6, other: malnutrition and so on.
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Third, the causes of diabetes:
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First, the reasons for diabetes:
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Diabetes is due to a congenital or inadequate insulin hormone secretion by beta cells in the islets (Islands of Langerhans) or obesity, abnormalities in carbohydrate (carbohydrate) metabolism and other causes of chronic disease .
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Among them, insulin is produced by pancreatic beta cells. First, after absorption by the liver, glucose is synthesized as glycogen, and when insulin is no longer produced or is ineffective, the manufacture of glycogen is reduced and the utilization of glucose in the surrounding tissue is reduced, resulting in the passage of various sources into the circulating glucose Removal will slow down, and the formation of high blood sugar; too much blood sugar can not be completely reabsorbed by the tubules, so the sugar in urine increased, known as diabetes. In other words, it is insulin to the liver and then to the whole body, so that the need for insulin muscle cells and fat cells and so on, due to insulin, this hormone, our body's heat source (fuel) glucose to enter the above cells, insulin formation, secretion To the need for the use of the end cells, if a problem occurs, will have a so-called diabetes.
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This shows that the main function of insulin is to glucose and fat into energy, or stored in the body. That is, when we eat something, due to the role of digestion, the blood sugar will gradually rise. Relying on the insulin secreted by the pancreas, the glucose is stored in glycogen to lower the blood sugar in the blood, and the glucose in the blood is converted into usable energy. So if there is no insulin or insulin secretion is not normal, the body can not be transformed into food the body can use the energy or nutrition, the body's normal function can not be maintained.
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Second, diabetes and genetic factors:
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If you ask: Will diabetes be inherited? It can be said: a constitution enough to induce diabetes, it will be inherited; but diabetes itself, and will not be inherited. Therefore, if any of the parents such as parents have diabetes, the child may inherit the constitution of diabetes.
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According to the statistics of Europe and the United States, 20% to 40% of persons with diabetes who are related to diabetes will be at high risk of developing diabetes or illness. These reports show that "somebody is naturally born with a predisposition to diabetes, and this constitution is hereditary."
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To the best of our knowledge, diabetes and heredity are closely related, and as we noted in the well-known study, "Human beings have a 20% diabetes genetic hypothesis," a report by Dr. Lufort, Sweden, which is now conclusive .
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Dr. Rufford reaffirmed this test and made the following remarks:
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"About 20% of people living on Earth have diabetes genes in all aspects of ethnic origin, living area and living standard."
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However, according to the onset of diabetes, even with the constitution of diabetes, it will not suffer from diabetes until it reaches a considerable age. Even after reaching a considerable age, even with the genetic constitution of diabetes, they must be supplemented with incentives to have symptoms of diabetes.
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Because of diabetes and genetic constitutional, therefore, acquired treatment can not be eradicated. Therefore, diabetes can be treated only to control the disease. For example, regular insulin injections will restore the patient to normal conditions. Such as throat thirst, normal urine output, normal blood sugar and so on. In other words, people with diabetes can live as normal people as long as they receive normal treatment.
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However, although diabetes can be controlled, but the etiology of diabetes can not be eliminated, it can not be cured. Just by treatment, can prevent and reduce the deterioration of symptoms of diabetes, and complications. Thus eliminating the incentives of diabetes, such as obesity, overdose, infectious diseases, drugs, etc., can improve the condition of diabetes.
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The most important thing is early detection of diabetes, early treatment.
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Third, diabetes and lifestyle:
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There is a desert called Shangladeto, where many sand rats live. These mice to grass-based. Caught these mice, fed it with the same good food as us, soon became fat, and, as a result, had diabetes. This is a well-known experiment on diabetes in mankind. Just like the problem we are now beginning to pay attention to, day after day, we always eat delicious food and diabetes sooner or later. Later, researchers will get diabetic sand rats back into the original desert, diabetes disappeared. What the hell is this all about? In this regard, as follows:
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The life of the sand mouse in the desert should be more labor-intensive than in the city. They have to look for the weeds that depend on their livelihood and have to defend themselves against the invasion by themselves. Based on this, the sand mouse in the daily life of a considerable amount of exercise. Followed by the staple food weeds, it does not have high nutritional value, but only a very small amount of sugar, protein and fat. Therefore, when the sand mouse returns to the desert, in order to make a living, the amount of exercise is increased, and the quality of the food is relatively poor and simple. Obesity naturally disappears and diabetes is healed.
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One can imagine, diet, exercise, obesity and diabetes are closely related. Therefore, in the past, diabetes was called a luxury disease, that is caused by over-nutrition diseases. Because of the survey of people with diabetes, found that obese or obese people accounted for 80%. And the longer the obesity period, the higher the attack rate.
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Of course, not all obese people with diabetes, insulin deficiency is the main cause of diabetes. However, long-term obese people, even though insulin secretion is exuberant, but also because of insulin secretion capacity is limited and inadequate phenomenon, finally finally suffering from diabetes. Therefore, the amount of food, like fried foods, eels, steaks and other high-energy food, easily obese and suffering from diabetes. This is the impact of lifestyle.
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In addition, such as unsmooth career, overwork, family disharmony, depression, long-term depression, its blood sugar, urine sugar is also higher than the average person, the symptoms of diabetes can easily deteriorate.
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Stanford, the deterioration of diabetes:
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The following explains the diabetic drowsiness caused by the worsening of diabetes and the hypoglycemic symptoms caused by the use of insulin.
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First, diabetic drowsiness:
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Usually in the body of Insufficient use of insulin, can not make full use of carbohydrates as energy, so the blood sugar will rise will not decline, because the body can not use carbohydrates as energy, to find the fat tissue, that is, fat tissue is used as heat use.
When used as calories, adipose tissue first breaks down fat tissue into free fatty acids that are transported to the liver, which are then converted to ketones and released into the bloodstream to feed the body's cells for energy. However, too much ketone body produces so that the concentration of ketones in the blood will increase rapidly, and the body cells can only use a little bit, so that the concentration of blood in the blood will increase rapidly, leaving the acidity. Ketone value increases will cause symptoms of poisoning, leading to diabetic lethargy.
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In the meantime, when blood flows through the kidneys and the kidneys can not recover high amounts of ketones, ketorrhea is caused. As a result, the associated moisture and electrolytes increase. As a result, the patient suffers from dehydration and weakness.
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Second, hypoglycemia:
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Diabetic patients sometimes develop hypoglycemia. The so-called hypoglycemia, also known as insulin shock, insulin response, hypoglycemic shock or hypoglycemia reaction, due to improper diet and exercise caused by the most common reason is the time eating or eating the wrong reason.
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Normal blood sugar, with a fixed value as the center of the increase and decrease, and will not cause too much or too little. The standard value is one hundred mg / dl, that is one hundred CC of blood, contains one hundred mg of glucose. Blood sugar is the content of blood glucose. When you have diabetes, the value increases dramatically, increasing the blood sugar to 200 mg / dl or 300 mg / dl.
Treatment of diabetes, blood glucose, then the condition of diabetes, under control. But blood sugar is there